1. 31 May 2001 – Constitutional Referendum
The Republic of Somaliland is widely described as a shining light in the Horn of Africa — a region where it stands as a remarkable example of peace, stability, and good governance.
1.1 Peace, Security, and Development
The Republic of Somaliland is recognized globally as a nation that rebuilt itself independently and played an important role in:
1. Ensuring security and stability in the Horn of Africa.
2. Driving economic growth and development in the region — particularly through major investments and upgrades at the Port of Berbera.
3. Combating instability and violent extremist groups, which pose risks across the Horn of Africa.
4. Strengthening free-market commerce, resulting in visible economic progress such as:
Improved telecommunications development
Expansion of cross-border trade
Increased movement and integration of communities across the region
A strategic role in the Gulf of Berbera and the Bab-el-Mandeb corridor
1.2 State-Building and Reconciliation
The world acknowledges that Somaliland achieved peace and state-building without external intervention, resolving its conflicts through:
A traditional council and community-based reconciliation system that began under the shade of acacia trees.
The complete disarmament of armed factions, a process still viewed as unprecedented in the Horn of Africa and beyond.
The successful implementation of sustained, democratic elections, which many African and international states have not yet achieved.
1.3 Elections and Democratic Governance
Since the constitutional referendum of 31 May 2001, Somaliland has held nine democratic elections, through which its citizens freely elected leaders they believed could best serve them:
1. 31 May 2001 – Constitutional Referendum
2. 15 Dec 2002 – Local Government & Political Organizations Election
3. 14 Apr 2003 – Presidential Election
4. 29 Sept 2005 – House of Representatives Election
5. 26 June 2010 – Presidential Election
6. 28 Nov 2012 – Local Government & Political Organizations Election
7. 13 Nov 2017 – Presidential Election
8. 31 May 2021 – Parliamentary & Local Government Election
9. 13 Nov 2024 – Presidential & Political Organizations Election
Mohamed Abdi Jama
Dhimbiil Mohamed
Hargeisa, Republic of Somaliland.
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