2- Sharci ahaan – Qodobbada muhiimka ah ee ICAO
1- Heerka hadda: Nidaamka & khilaafka
Ilaa 2019, waxaa dhammaan hawada Soomaaliya—from xeebaha ilaa cirka—maamula Somali Civil Aviation Authority (SCAA) ee Muqdisho .
Somaliland-na waxay 2017-dii samaysay Hay'adda Duulista Rayidka (CAAA), iyadoo sheegatay in ay leedahay awood sharci oo hawada ka sarreysa Somaliland .
Khilaafyaas ayaa jirey: Somaliland waxay ku doodayso heshiiskii 2012–2019 ee lagu dhisay in hawada si wadajir ah loo maamulo 40/60 (Somaliland/Muqdisho), balse Muqdisho ayaa 2018 lus dhaaftay, waxayna CAAANuuh sheegtay in ay musuqday $60m oo lacagtaasi ah .
ICAO ayaa kicisay arrintan, waxayna buuqsan tahay in haddii khilaafku xumaado, ay khatar ku tahay amniga hawada .
2- Sharci ahaan – Qodobbada muhiimka ah ee ICAO
Axdiga Chicago (1944) wuxuu dhigaa: "Dowlad kasta xaq buuxa ayaa u leedahay inay maamusho hawada ka sareysa dhulkeeda iyo biyaha territorial ah" .
ICAO waxay ahmiyad siisaa amniga hawada iyo nidaamka ku saleysan heshiis, balse hay’addu ma oggolaato kharashka aaminaadda hawada degmo sharci la’aan ku maamulaan – taas oo halis abuuri karta .
Somaliland waxay sheegan kartaa inay fulayso shuruudaha ICAO (CAAA waxay raacdaa SRRP), balse la’aanta aqoonsiga dowlad caalami ah ayaa caqabad weyn ah.
3- Isbarbardhiga Taiwan
Sida Taiwan, Somaliland sidoo kale waa "state in fact" (contested/unrecognized) oo buuxisa shuruudaha Montevideo – maamul, dad joogto ah, teritory .
Taiwan, in kasta oo aysan ka mid ahayn ICAO, haddana waxay si teknikal u maamushaa hawadeeda, waxayna ka mid tahay kuwa raaca SRRP-ga ICAO .
Somaliland iyo Taiwan waxay leeyihiin xiriir diblomaasiyadeed (wakiillo isweydaarsan 2020) , taas oo tusaale u noqon karta dariiq siyaasadeed oo lagu adkeeyo heerka ICAO.
4- Waa maxay qalabka farsamo ee ay u baahan tahay Somaliland?
1- *Center-ka Xakamaynta Hawada (ACC):*
Xarun leh radar, VHF/UHF, radaarsek, PBN/GNSS, SSR radars.
2- *ATC Software/Air Navigation Systems:*
Flight Data Processing, Aeronautical Message Handling, NOTAM system.
3- *Laanta Isgaarsiinta/Cybersecurity:*
VHF/UHF radio, CPDLC, ADS‑B/SSR, secure fibre/IP links.
4- *Qalabka taageerada xaaladaha degdegga ah:*
Meteorological unit, Emergency Response System (SAR).
5- Shatiyeynta shaqaalaha:
Tababar ICAO-standard: Air traffic controllers, aerodrome officers, safety inspectors, supervisors, technicians.
5-Talo sharci/diblomaasi ah ee looga gudbo caqabadaha
TalaaboSharaxaad
1- Legal claimKu saley in xaqa hawada laga helo Axdiga Chicago (Article 1), labada dhinac heshiis wadaag ah oo ICAO la diiwaangeliyo.
2- Dialog farsamoSii wad dagal farsamo oo dariiq-horad leh Somaliland & Muqdisho, iyada oo ICAO ah eed ama dhexdhexaadiye.
3- Aqoonsi caalami ahRaadi in dal (Ethiopia, UAE, Turkey, Taiwan iwm) booqashooyin rasmi ah yimaadaan, xiriir VVIP ah oo de-facto aqoonsi. Tusaale: 2024 Ethiopia–Somaliland MoU
4- Tababar & qalabIibsashada qalab ATC ama heshiis farsamo oo la leh shirkad, tabobar shaqaale ICAO-approved.
5- Codsiga ICAOKadib marka hubiso in nidaamyada amniga/qarashka/hasaadka la buuxiyo, codso inay kaalin la yeeshaan, sida in ACC Hargeisa noqoto mid authorised.
6- Bilow maamul hawadaMarkii la helo aqoonsi ICAO iyo awood farsamo, si tartiib ah u qaado nidaamka flight plans, clearances, NOTAMs iyo navigation charges.
6- Maxaa hortaagan?
1- Aqoonsi la'aan caalami ah: ICAO waxay aqoonsan kartaa oo keliya dawladaha UN member; Somaliland maaysan ahayn.
2- Khilaafka Soomaaliya: Muqdisho waxay lawada hadlay ICAO ilaa 2019, waxayna aragtaa Somaliland inay tahay gobol ka tirsan Soomaaliya.
3- Khatar amni: Faragelin taas VHF interference (NOTAM A0817/24) ayaa hore u dhacay, taas oo keentay khatar amni .
4- Taageero caalami ah oo xaddidan: Dowlado dhowr ah ayaa xiriir la leh Somaliland laakiin mid kamid ah wali ma aqoonsan.
7- Gunaanad –--------------- Fursadaha Somaliland
Somaliland waxay leedahay shuruudaha sharci (Axdiga Chicago) iyo farsamo (CAAA SRRP-aligned).
Waa in ay xoogga saartaa:
1) Heshiis farsamo la jira Muqdisho oo la diiwaan geliyo ICAO, 2) Taageero de facto ka raadsato dowladaha muhiimka ah,
3) Iibsato qalab iyo tababar ICAO standards, kadibna 4) Codsato inay noqoto ACC madaxbannaan oo dayactir leh.
Waxaa laga yaabaa in qaadashada nidaamka "Taiwan-style" (contested state, tababar sharci/farsamo, xiriir wakiillo, barnaamij tacliimeed iyo tababar caalami ah) ay noqoto dariiqa ugu saxsan in hawadeeda dib ugu hesho.
*Haddaba Somaliland, si tartiib ah oo sharci ah, farsamo ah, iyo diblomaasiyad leh, waxay u wareejin kartaa hawada inteeda ka maamuli lahayd—laakiin tani waxay u baahan tahay aqoonsi ugu yaraan de-facto ICAO ah oo qaybta ACC, iyo heshiis rasmi ah ama fara-gelin tababar/cilmi ah oo siyaasadeed.
Waxaan ku sugayaa su’aalo kale ama caawimo dheeri ah oo ka qayb qaadan karta qorshaha hawadani.
Cali Biixi
hadhwanaagnews 
