African colonial borders, like Arab World, Asia and South American colonial borders, were all drawn by European colonialism and are based on land and not on tribe, ethnicity or clan lineage, and subclans of the same clan inhabit in different African countries due to colonial demarcations. Afar Tribe inhabits in Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djabouti. Tuareg Tribe inhabits in Senegal, Nigeria, Mali and Niger. 

Fulani Tribe inhabitis in Mali, Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon. Lunda Tribe inhabits in Congo, Zambia and Angola. Yoruba tribe inhabits in Nigeria, Benin and Togo. Dir Tribe inhabits in Somaliland, Djibouti, Somalia, Ethiopia and Kenya. Hawiye Tribe inhabits in Somalia, Ethiopia and Kenya. Daarood Tribe inhabits in Somalia, Somaliland, Ethiopia and Kenya. 

Rahanwein Tribe inhabits in Somalia, Itoobiya and Kenya and so on. That is why the Declaration of African Conference in 1964 of Reaffirming Colonial Borders was iissued to recognize and protect African colonial borders in order to prevent tribal wars seeking postcolonial reunifications that would plunge the whole continent of Africa into endless violence, anarchy, chaos and tribal bloody wars bringing down African states.

Existence, peace and stability of Africa depend on respecting, recognizing and implementing colonial borders and they are unalterable or unmodifiable. Colonial borders define the territory, people, independence and recognition of each African country. 

Tribal armed factions driven by tribal emotions or tribalism tried before to change African colonial borders by force to unite their clan or tribe after independence but all ended in failure because no country accepts to divide its territory as colonial borders are recognized and internationally legitimate.

No country in Africa can claim a subclan inhabiting in another African country for reasons of tribal lineage or ethnicity. Colonial borders of Africa are unalterable, unmodifiable. So are Somaliland borders. Somaliland territory cannot be divided and its colonial borders inherited from Somaliland British Protectorate cannot be altered or modified.

Author: brahim Hassan Gagale