Sharciga caalamiga ahi wuxuu dhigayaa in dadku xaq u leeyihiin inay ka tashadaan aayahooda. Xaqa aayo-ka-tashigu waa mid ku cad Xeerka Caalamiga ah ee Xuquuqaha Madaniga iyo Siyaasadeed-(International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights). Kaas oo dhigaya xaqa dal ama gobol u leeyahay in uu helo dawladnimo madaxbannaan oo beesha caalamku aqoonsato.

Ku dhawaaqidda dal madaxbannaan si loo yagleelo waddan cusub waa in marka hore waddanku qanciyaa shuruucda caalamiga ah ee dhammaan waddamada xorta ahi guud ahaan qiraan oo ah inay raacaan cahdiga Montevideo ee xuquuqda iyo waajibaadka dawladaha ee la ansixiyey 1933kii.

Axdiga Montevideo wuxu dhigayaa in dalkuu ku dhawaaqo rabitaankiisa, waana midda ay samaysay Koonfurta Suudaan oo ah aftidii shacabka gobolladooda deggen ay ka qaadeen. Shuruudaha kale ee waddanku yeesho ayaa ah madaxweyne iyo dhadhaarrada dawladnimo, sidoo kale waxa looga baahanyey in uu helo saaxiibbo xidhiidho diblomaasiyadeed ka dhexeeyo, sida ay Koonfurta Suudaan uga heshay Maraykan ergo diblomaasiyadeed.

Axdiga Montevideo ee 1933 ayaa qeexaya shuruudaha qaran cusub:

 Dadweyne sugan oo aan guurguurin (Permanent Population)

 Xaduud qeexan oo aan madmadow badani ku jirin

 Dawlad shaqaynaysa (nooc ay doonto ha ahaatee)

 Madaxbannaani (sovereignty) uu kula macaamili karo dawlado iyo waddammo kale.

Aqoonsiga dal cusub asal ahaan macnaheedu waa in si sharci ah loo aqoonsado wareejinta madaxbannaanida dhul laga wareejinayo dal kale. Ha’yad caalami ah oo ay ku jirto Qaramada Midoobay, kaligeed kama qaadi karto dhul iyada oo aan fasax laga haysan waddankii asalka ahaa, sababta oo ah waxay noqonaysaa xadgudub mid ka mid ah xeerarka qeexaya nidaamka dawladnimo ee caalamiga ah. Tusaale ahaan: Kosovo oo ku dhawaaqday in ay ka go’day Serbia 2008, ilaa maantadan la joogo ma laha dawlad madaxbannaan, iyadoo in ka badan kala badh dalalka xubnaha ka ah Qaramada Midoobay aqoonsadeen madaxbannaanideeda. Waxa loo sababeeyaa Serbia oo weli sheeganaysa.

Horraantii sagaashannadii waxa jiray mawjado dawlado cusub oo ay  sabab u ahayd burburkii Soofiyeed iyo jabkii Yugoslavia. Sannadkii 1993kii Eritrea ayaa hanatay in ay noqoto dal madaxbannaan, ka dib tobannaan sannadood oo ay dagaal kula jirtay Itoobiya. Dalalkii ugu dambeeyey ee dawladnimo loo aqoonsado waxa ka mid ah East Timor 2002, iyo Koonfurta Suudaan oo la aqoonsaday 2011.

Saddexdan dal (Eritrea, East Timor, South Sudan) ee aynu tusaalaha u soo qaadannay inay noqdaan dalal madaxbannaan waxa sababay iyadoo maare loo waayey dagaalladii hagaasiyey, sidaa darteed ayey Indonesia ku khasbanaatay in ay dhulkii East Timor ka tanaasusho, Suudaanna koonfurteedii, Itoobiyana dalkeedi badda lahaa. Dawladahan cusub aqoonsigooda caalamigii kuma iman hab sharci oo la qeexay, laakin waxay ahayeen xal siyaasi ah ama xal nabadeed amaba xal laga fursan waayey.

Qaramada Midoobay oo ah ururka ugu weyn, uguna wadajirka badan, axdiga iyo xeerarka ama hababka qaabilaadda dalalka cusub si cad uma qeexin, oo waxa lagu doodaa in xeerarkaasi khuseeyaan dawlado markooda horeba ahaa kuwa madaxbannaan.

Shuruudaha aqoonsi ee dal cusub u baahanyey waa helidda dawladaha ku jira Qaramada Midoobay. Dawlad kasta oo jirta waxay dal siin kartaa aqoonsi go’aankeeda ah. tusaale ahaan Taiwan, Falastiin iyo Kosovo ayey dalalka qaar siiyeen aqoonsi dal oo buuxa, laakiin maaha aqoonsi caalami ah, Taiwan waxa weli sheegata Chine, dalal badanna ma aqoonsana dawladnimadeeda in kasta oo si dal madaxbannaan ay u dhaqanto.

In aad noqoto dawlad madaxbannaan oo la aqoonsan yahay kuma timaaddo hab cad ama toosan, waxase go’aaminaya awoodda, jawiga siyaasadeed iyo danaha kugu xeeran, waana sababta aad u arkayso dawlado tobanaan sannadood sheeganaya in ay yihiin dalal madaxbannaan oo aan haddana helin aqoonsigii ay rabaeen. Laakiin waxa hubaal ah in dal dooran karo in uu ku dhawaaqo madaxbanaanidiisa, una jiri karo sidii waddan dhammaystiran.

SHEEKH, Cabdirisaaq Xasan Rakuub .